基于动态规划的电动拖拉机动力电源能量控制策略研究

针对纯电动拖拉机能量利用率低、续航里程不足的问题，提出了基于超级电容和蓄电池复合的纯电动拖拉机动力电源系统。通过分析纯电动拖拉机的作业工况特点以及功率需求，对动力电源系统进行了拓扑结构选型和参数匹配，并以动力电源能耗最低为优化目标，应用动态规划对纯电动拖拉机的动力电源系统进行能量控制策略优化，对动态规划结果以及工况特点进行分析，总结出基于规则的动力电源能量控制策略，利用Matlab/Simulink建模对控制策略进行仿真。结果表明基于动态规划的控制策略能量消耗比基于规则的控制策略能量消耗减少了18%，证明了基于动态规划的能量控制策略在节能降耗方面的有效性。     

Variation and heritability of morphological and physiological traits among Leymus chinensis genotypes under different environmental conditions

Intraspecific trait variation and heritability in different environmental conditions not only suggest a potential for an evolutionary response but also have important ecological consequences at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. However, the contribution of quantitative trait variation within a grassland species to evolutionary responses or ecological consequences is seldom documented. Leymus chinensis is an important dominant species in semi-arid grasslands of China, which has seriously suffered from drought and high temperature stresses in recent decades. In the present study, we measured variation and heritability of 10 quantitative traits, namely the number of tillers, maximum shoot height, number of rhizomes, maximum rhizome length, rhizome mass, aboveground mass, root mass, maximum net photosynthetic rate(Pmax), specific leaf area(SLA), and leaf length to leaf width ratio(LL/LW), for 10 genotypes of L. chinensis under one non-stress(Ck) condition and three environmental stress conditions(i.e., drought(Dr), high temperature(Ht), and both drought and high temperature(DrHt)). Result indicated that(1) the interaction of genotype and environmental condition(G×E) was significant for 6 traits but not significant for the other 4 traits as shown by two-way analysis of variance(ANOVA), suggesting that different selection forces were placed for different traits on the factors dominating phenotypic responses to different environmental conditions. Moreover, these significant G×E effects on traits indicated significantly different phenotypic adaptive responses among L. chinensis genotypes to different environmental conditions. Additionally, individuals could be grouped according to environmental condition rather than genotype as shown by canonical discriminant analysis, indicating that environmental condition played a more important role in affecting phenotypic variation than genotype;(2) by one-way ANOVA, significant differences among L. chinensis genotypes were found in all 10 traits under Ck and Dr conditions, in 8 traits under Dr Ht condition and only in 4 traits under Ht condition; and(3) all 10 traits showed relatively low or non-measurable broad-sense heritability(H_2) under stress conditions. However, the lowest H_2 value for most traits did not occur under DrHt condition, which supported the hypothesis of 'unfavorable conditions have unpredictable effects' rather than 'unfavorable conditions decrease heritability'. Results from our experiment might aid to improve predictions on the potential impacts of climate changes on L. chinensis and eventually species conservation and ecosystem restoration.     

日光温室冬季基质加温效果及对番茄生长和品质的影响

采用控温电伴热加热系统对根系直接进行加温，设置基质加热温度分别为22、28、34 ℃，研究不同加热温度下根系温度场的分布以及对无土栽培番茄生长和品质的影响。结果表明，当使用椰糠作基质时，22、28、34 ℃的加热温度可在夜间使基质内中心位置平均温度分别提高到22.4、29.8、35.2 ℃； 与不加温对照相比，22 ℃和28 ℃加温处理能显著提高番茄单株产量，株高、茎粗、叶片数、根系干质量和鲜质量以及可溶性糖、可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白、可滴定酸等品质指标显著提高；22 ℃加温处理中番茄植株的单株能耗为11.33 kWh，明显低于28 ℃处理的14.86 kWh，节能效果最优。     

水稻白条纹叶突变体wsl1的遗传分析及基因精细定位

从粳稻日本晴和籼稻R1128杂交衍生的重组自交系群体中获得一个稳定遗传的白条纹叶突变体wsl1(white stripe leaf 1),世代为F10。与亲本R1128相比,突变体wsl1表现出白条纹叶,同时叶脉呈现白化,该性状在苗期就出现并持续整个生育期;突变体的株高、每穗总粒数、剑叶长、生育期显著增加,而结实率显著下降,其他农艺性状没有显著变化。分蘖期突变体wsl1的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和胡萝卜素含量较杂交亲本R1128显著下降;透射电镜观察表明,与野生型相比,突变体的叶绿体形状异常,不规则。遗传分析表明,该突变性状由1对隐性核基因控制。精细定位后发现,目标基因WSL1位于第1染色体短臂上标记M1-54与标记M1-70之间,两者相距89.7 kb。生物信息学分析表明候选区间内共有8个开放阅读框,暂未发现已报道的叶色相关基因;其中LOC_Os01g02080编码肽基脯氨酰顺反异构酶, GO (Gene Ontology)分类显示其可能与类囊体形成有关,后续将通过比较测序、qRT-PCR等分子实验来确定候选基因。     

极小种群野生植物八蕊单室茱萸的种群状况研究

八蕊单室茱萸为云南省特有的极小种群野生植物和濒危物种。通过查阅相关文献并结合访问调查,确定八蕊单室茱萸可能分布的区域,开展种群资源调查。结果显示:八蕊单室茱萸目前仅在普洱市和西双版纳州有10个天然种群,其种群规模已低于最小可存活种群,属极小种群野生植物和濒危物种,亟需开展保护工作。生境破坏和生境片段化是导致八蕊单室茱单室茱萸濒危的人为因素。提出收集种质资源、营建和管护近地保护种群、建立迁地和回归种群等保育建议。     

云南芥菜型油菜资源品质及苗期耐旱性评价

为研究芥菜型油菜的耐旱性，对150份云南芥菜型油菜地方品种的品质及苗期不同干旱程度下植株地上 及地下部进行研究。结果表明，参试芥菜型油菜耐旱性总体表现较好，品质变异丰富，其中油酸、芥酸变异系数大 于1，依据品质性状参试品种大致聚为三类；中度及重度干旱均能显著影响油菜地上部及根系的生长，其中对根系 影响更大；各品质性状与耐旱性相关分析表明，中度干旱条件下，耐旱性与含油量及芥酸、花生烯酸2种极长链脂肪 酸呈显著正相关，与5种长链脂肪酸硬脂酸、棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸为显著负相关，而重度干旱条件下均不相 关，同一品种在不同程度干旱下其耐旱性有差别；含油量与极长链脂肪酸呈显著正相关，与长链脂肪酸及蛋白含量 呈显著负相关，极长链脂肪酸与长链脂肪酸间呈极显著负相关。共筛出8个综合耐旱性强的材料。     

桑叶的生理功能及在猪生产中的应用

桑叶中富含丰富的蛋白质、碳水化合物和氨基酸等营养物质,具有降脂、抗氧化、降血糖等多样化功能,是良好的畜禽饲料资源.但对桑叶的重视程度不够,使得桑叶在我国未能得到大规模的开发利用,导致桑叶资源的大量浪费。文章对桑叶的生理功能和在猪生产中的应用进行相关综述。     

生草对南疆温室桃园土壤理化性状的影响

研究生草措施对温室桃园土壤环境和养分的影响,为温室桃栽培优质生产提供理论支持。以温室桃园为研究对象,设置行间种植三叶草和小黑麦为处理,以清耕为对照,测定温室桃园土壤理化性质、体积质量、孔隙度及养分含量的变化。结果表明,温室桃园行间种植三叶草和小黑麦能减缓土壤温度变化幅度,提高土壤含水量,降低土壤水溶性总盐含量,显著增加0～20 cm土层和20～40 cm土层土壤有机质及养分含量,其中种植三叶草的效果好。生草能增加土壤pH,显著降低0～20 cm土壤体积质量,增加土壤总孔隙度。温室桃园生草可以有效调节土壤温度,改善土壤结构和通透性,提高土壤肥力。